Biting the apple: the challenge of Artificial Intelligence
نویسنده
چکیده
In 1954 Alan Turing, mathematician, war hero, killed himself by biting an apple dipped in poison. Just a few years before, he had thrown to the world an apple of discord, conceiving the possibility of an “electronic child”, a programmable machine that could learn, think, be intelligent and even have a conscience. “Can machines think?” – he had written. He thought that yes, machines would think one day. Today, some scientists claim that real knowledge, intelligence and thinking are impossible for machines to reach. Others say that Artificial Intelligence (AI) represents a forbidden fruit: an immoral, and unethical goal. Some say that the apple of knowledge and intelligence is still unripe for computers. Others claim that Artificial Intelligence is just above us, like Sappho’s apple: red, ready but too high to reach. The debate is still open. In the meanwhile, machines have learned to learn and to play chess, to demonstrate theorems and to make good medical diagnoses, to interact with us and among each other, and to do many things that were once considered typical of intelligent creatures. In a historical perspective, we briefly analyze here the main steps, the actual state of the art of this ancient challenge and young discipline and the main arguments for and against the possibility of building artificial intelligent beings.
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تاریخ انتشار 2004